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Skills

Clinical examination of ten regions – medical history, standard examination, and special tests.

Medical history

Use the medical history to formulate one or more testable clinical questions.

Tentative diagnoses

Use the medical history and findings from the standard examination to formulate tentative diagnoses, taking account of how likely each condition is in the relevant clinical setting (primary care or specialist healthcare services).

Special tests

Perform relevant clinical tests to increase or decrease the likelihood of one or more tentative diagnoses.

Clinical examination

Ti regions – divided into basic and advanced level

  1. Head and jaw

    Basic3

    1. Myalgia M. masseter(Clinic)

    2. Sensibility of peripheral nerves in the head(Test)

    3. Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD)(Clinic)

    Advanced5

    1. Cervicogenic headache(Clinic)

    2. N. occipitalis major neuralgia(Clinic)

    3. Sensibility of dermatomes of the head(Test)

    4. Sensory loss in C2, C3, C4 dermatomes(Clinic)

    5. Trigeminal neuralgia(Clinic)

  2. Neck

    Basic6

    1. Cervical Spondylosis(Clinic)

    2. Neck stability and function of deep neck muscles(Clinic)

    3. Neck myalgia(Clinic)

    4. Plantar reflex(Test)

    5. Referred pain from structures in the neck(Clinic)

    6. Torticollis(Clinic)

    Advanced6

    1. Cervical myelopathy(Clinic)

    2. Key examinations for nerve root involvement: C5, C6, C7, C8, Th1(Test)

    3. Radicular pain from nerve root(Clinic)

    4. Spurling test(Test)

    5. Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Adson's test, Wright's hyperabduction test, Roos test(Test)

    6. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)(Clinic)

  3. Shoulder

    Basic10

    1. Adhesive capsulitis (Frozen shoulder)(Clinic)

    2. Glenohumeral hypermobility(Clinic)

    3. Referred pain from shoulder structures(Clinic)

    4. Shoulder myalgia(Clinic)

    5. Painful arc(Clinic)

    6. Pain in acromioclavicular joint(Clinic)

    7. Pain and muscle weakness in the rotator cuff muscles(Clinic)

    8. Subacromial impingement(Clinic)

    9. Subdeltoid bursitis(Clinic)

    10. Tendinopathy and rupture of M. supraspinatus(Clinic)

    Advanced14

    1. Apprehension test and Relocation test(Test)

    2. Empty can test(Test)

    3. Glenohumeral translation (Sulcus sign)(Test)

    4. Hawkin's test(Test)

    5. Labral injury(Clinic)

    6. Neer's sign and test(Test)

    7. O'Brian's test(Test)

    8. Injury N. axillaris(Clinic)

    9. Injury N. suprascapularis(Clinic)

    10. Injury N. thoracicus longus(Clinic)

    11. Shoulder dislocation and instability(Clinic)

    12. Test for M. deltoideus weakness and sensory loss in the distribution of N. axillaris(Test)

    13. Test for paresis of M. supraspinatus and M. infraspinatus(Test)

    14. Winged scapula(Test)

  4. Upper arm and elbow

    Basic7

    1. Golfer's elbow(Test)

    2. Golfer's elbow(Clinic)

    3. Olecranon bursitis(Clinic)

    4. Osteochondritis dissecans(Clinic)

    5. Pulled elbow(Clinic)

    6. Tennis elbow(Clinic)

    7. Tennis elbow(Test)

    Advanced16

    1. Cubital tunnel syndrome(Clinic)

    2. Cubital tunnel syndrome(Test)

    3. Pronator teres syndrome(Clinic)

    4. M. pronator teres syndrome(Test)

    5. N. interosseus anterior syndrome(Clinic)

    6. N. interosseus anterior syndrome(Test)

    7. N. interosseus posterior syndrome(Clinic)

    8. N. interosseus posterior syndrome(Test)

    9. Injury of N. medianus in the upper arm(Clinic)

    10. N. medianus syndrome of the upper arm(Test)

    11. Injury of N. musculocutaneus(Clinic)

    12. N. musculocutaneus syndrome of the upper arm(Test)

    13. Injury of N. radialis in the spiral groove(Clinic)

    14. Radial nerve syndrome in the spiral groove(Test)

    15. Injury of N. radialis over the spiral groove(Clinic)

    16. Radial nerve syndrome over the spiral groove(Test)

  5. Hand

    Basic9

    1. Osteoarthritis CMC1(Clinic)

    2. Dupuytren's contracture(Clinic)

    3. Finger tendon injury(Clinic)

    4. Ganglion(Clinic)

    5. Joint swelling(Clinic)

    6. Mallet finger(Clinic)

    7. Injury Ulnar collateral ligament (Skier's thumb)(Clinic)

    8. Thumb tendon injury(Clinic)

    9. Trigger finger(Clinic)

    Advanced17

    1. de Quervain’s tenosynovitis(Clinic)

    2. Finkelstein's test(Test)

    3. Distal radius fracture(Clinic)

    4. Carpal tunnel syndrome(Clinic)

    5. Thenar atrophy(Clinic)

    6. Entrapment of the median nerve, Carpal tunnel syndrome(Test)

    7. Ulnar tunnel syndrome(Clinic)

    8. Entrapment of the ulnar nerve, Ulnar tunnel syndrome(Test)

    9. Neurovascular status, Allen's test(Test)

    10. Scaphoid fracture(Clinic)

    11. Sprain and palpation of os scaphoid(Test)

    12. Sensibility of dermatomes in the hand(Test)

    13. Sensibility of peripheral nerves in the hand(Test)

    14. Injury Radial nerve, superficial branch(Clinic)

    15. Injury Radial nerve, superficial branch(Test)

    16. Injury Triangular fibrocartilage complex ulnar wrist (TFCC)(Clinic)

    17. Sharpey's test(Test)

  6. Back

    Basic11

    1. Intercostal pain(Clinic)

    2. Intercostal palpation(Test)

    3. Interscapular pain(Clinic)

    4. Interscapular palpation(Test)

    5. Mb. Scheuermann(Clinic)

    6. Degenerative back disorder(Clinic)

    7. Referred pain from lumbar spine(Clinic)

    8. Scoliosis(Clinic)

    9. Pain Lig. iliolumbale(Clinic)

    10. Spondylolisthesis(Clinic)

    11. Trochanteric tendinopathy/bursitis(Clinic)

    Advanced15

    1. Cauda equina syndrome(Clinic)

    2. Cauda equina syndrome(Test)

    3. Radicular pain from nerve root(Clinic)

    4. Foot drop(Clinic)

    5. L3 nerve stretch test (reverse Lasegue)(Test)

    6. Lasegue's test(Test)

    7. Plantar reflex(Test)

    8. Key examinations for nerve root involvement L2, L3, L4, L5, S1, S2(Test)

    9. Central spinal stenosis(Clinic)

    10. Lateral spinal stenosis (recess stenosis)(Clinic)

    11. Neurogenic claudication(Clinic)

    12. Thoracic disc disease(Clinic)

    13. Thoracic back pain(Test)

    14. Thoracic excursion(Test)

    15. Schober test(Test)

  7. Pelvis

    Basic1

    1. Pain following posterior pelvic tilt(Clinic)

    Advanced9

    1. Iliosacral joint arthritis(Clinic)

    2. Iliosacral joint distraction test(Test)

    3. Iliosacral joint compression test(Test)

    4. Knee-to-shoulder test(Test)

    5. Posterior Pelvic Pain Provocation (P4) test(Test)

    6. Stable pelvic fracture(Clinic)

    7. Examination with regard to stable pelvic fracture(Test)

    8. FABER (Patrick) test(Test)

    9. Gaenslen test(Test)

  8. Hip joint

    Basic7

    1. Coxa valga (knock-knees)(Clinic)

    2. Coxa vara (bow legs)(Clinic)

    3. Hip osteoarthritis(Clinic)

    4. Impacted and dislocated fracture of the femoral neck(Clinic)

    5. Reduced anteversion angle (out-toeing)(Clinic)

    6. Increased anteversion angle (pigeon-toed)(Clinic)

    7. Trochanteric tendinopathy/bursitis(Clinic)

    Advanced6

    1. Iliopsoas tendinopathy/bursitis(Clinic)

    2. Iliopsoas tendinopathy/bursitis: Passive flexion plus adduction(Test)

    3. Meralgia paresthetica(Clinic)

    4. Meralgia paresthetica: Sensibility of N. cutaneus femoris lateralis(Test)

    5. Piriformis syndrome(Clinic)

    6. Piriformis syndrome: Bonnet sign, pain provocation test(Test)

  9. Knee joint

    Basic10

    1. Baker’s cyst(Clinic)

    2. Hamstring injury(Clinic)

    3. Knee effusion(Clinic)

    4. Jumper's knee(Clinic)

    5. Knee joint lateral instability(Clinic)

    6. Knee osteoarthritis(Clinic)

    7. Suspected patella and fibula fracture(Clinic)

    8. Patellofemoral pain syndrome(Clinic)

    9. Pes anserinus tendinopathy/bursitis(Clinic)

    10. Runner's knee(Clinic)

    Advanced8

    1. Meniscus injury(Clinic)

    2. McMurray's test(Test)

    3. Apley's test(Test)

    4. Grinding test(Test)

    5. Ligament injury(Clinic)

    6. Drawer test(Test)

    7. Lachman's test(Test)

    8. Ottawa knee rule(Test)

  10. Lower leg, ankle and foot

    Basic6

    1. Calcaneovalgus(Clinic)

    2. Hallux valgus(Clinic)

    3. Heel spur(Clinic)

    4. Ankle joint effusion(Clinic)

    5. Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis)(Clinic)

    6. Tennis leg(Clinic)

    Advanced18

    1. Ankle fracture, Weber type A, B and C(Clinic)

    2. Ottawa Rules suspected ankle fracture(Test)

    3. Ankle ligament injury(Clinic)

    4. Drawer test for anterior talofibular ligament(Test)

    5. Talar tilt test for calcaneofibular ligament(Test)

    6. Syndesmosis injury(Clinic)

    7. Squeeze test for syndesmosis injury(Test)

    8. Test for anterior syndesmosis, anterior tibiofibular ligament(Test)

    9. Achilles rupture(Clinic)

    10. Thompson test and palpation for Achilles rupture(Test)

    11. Morton's metatarsalgia(Clinic)

    12. Squeeze test forefoot for Morton's metatarsalgia(Test)

    13. Common fibular nerve, nerve compression(Clinic)

    14. Common fibular nerve, nerve compression(Test)

    15. Haglund's deformity and retrocalcaneal bursitis(Clinic)

    16. Chronic compartment syndrome(Clinic)

    17. Plantar fasciitis(Clinic)

    18. Traction periostitis(Clinic)

Skill level

  1. In the medical history, obtain relevant information about disorders of the musculoskeletal system that makes it possible to establish a working hypothesis, a testable problem regarding the cause.

  2. In clinical examination with standard examination and use of special tests, test the relevant working hypotheses about the cause, and to have the assumption strengthened or weakened through the functional examination.

  3. Suggest relevant supplementary examinations and measures.

  4. Set up relevant treatment options.