Inferior translation (sulcus sign)
Patient seated. Steady traction applied to the arm downward. The humeral head normally moves caudally about 2-3 mm. Positive test if a distinct indentation appears below the lateral acromion edge, i.e., the humeral head moves caudally pathologically about 1-3 cm. If this is also present during maximal external rotation of the arm, it indicates a high degree of laxity.
- Steady downward traction on the arm, the humeral head normally moves caudally about 2-3 mm
- Positive test by forming a distinct downward groove at the lateral acromion edge, i.e., the humeral head displaces caudally pathologically about 1-3 cm
Test characteristics: Sens 17, Spec 93, LR+2.43, LR-0.89